Multi-fractal thermal characteristics of the southwestern GIN sea upper layer

Multifractal characteristics of the upper layer thermal structure in the southwestern Greenland Sea, Iceland Sea, and Norwegian Sea (GIN Sea) are analyzed using high-resolution, digital thermistor chain data. The energy spectrum at 20 m depth (cold sublayer) shows the existence of a spike at the scale of approximate 3 km representing the chimney scale. The graph dimension varies from higher values such as 1.89 at the surface to 1.44–1.50 in the warm intermediate layer. The stationarity decreases from the ocean surface to the warm intermediate layer. However, the information dimension varies slightly (0.92 to 0.90) that indicates low singularity. Published by Elsevier Ltd.